Dose response curve

Last updated: 2025-06-18

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📌 CX and DOX dose response curve (Combined)

library(drc)

Warning: package 'drc' was built under R version 4.3.2

Warning: package 'MASS' was built under R version 4.3.1

# Load Data
DRC <- read.csv("data/CX-5461.csv")
DRC2 <- read.csv("data/DOX.csv")

# Fit dose-response models with fixed min = 0 and max = 1
curved_fit <- drm(Ratio ~ Conc, data = DRC,
                  fct = LL.4(fixed = c(NA, 0, 1, NA),
                             names = c("hill", "min", "max", "EC50")))

curved_fit2 <- drm(Ratio ~ Conc, data = DRC2,
                   fct = LL.4(fixed = c(NA, 0, 1, NA),
                              names = c("hill", "min", "max", "EC50")))

# Extract EC50 values
EC50_CX <- summary(curved_fit)$coefficients["EC50:(Intercept)", "Estimate"]
EC50_DOX <- summary(curved_fit2)$coefficients["EC50:(Intercept)", "Estimate"]

# Set up plot with slightly wider margins to avoid label clipping
par(mfrow = c(1,1), mar = c(5, 4, 2, 2))  # more space at bottom

# Base plot (CX curve) with extra y-limit for spacing
plot(curved_fit, type = "none", broken = FALSE,
     col = "#08306B", lwd = 3.5,
     xlab = "Concentration (uM)", ylab = "Proportion of Viable Cells",
     main = "Dose-Response Curves with LD50",
     xlim = c(0, 50),
     ylim = c(0, 1.1), xaxs = "i", yaxs = "i", axes = FALSE)

# Custom axes
axis(1, at = c(0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50), las = 1)  # Ensure 0 is shown
axis(2, at = seq(0, 1, by = 0.2))  # Y-axis up to 1 only
box()

# Overlay DOX curve
par(new = TRUE)
plot(curved_fit2, add = TRUE, type = "none", col = "#E7298A", lwd = 3.5)

# Add LD50 vertical lines
abline(v = EC50_CX, col = "#08306B", lty = 2, lwd = 2)
abline(v = EC50_DOX, col = "#E7298A", lty = 2, lwd = 2)

# LD50 text labels slightly lowered (e.g., 0.95 and 0.85)
text(EC50_CX, 0.95, labels = paste("LD50 CX:", round(EC50_CX, 2)), col = "#08306B", pos = 4, cex = 0.9, font = 2)
text(EC50_DOX, 0.85, labels = paste("LD50 DOX:", round(EC50_DOX, 2)), col = "#E7298A", pos = 4, cex = 0.9, font = 2)

# Legend in bottom-left
legend("bottomleft", legend = c("CX-5461", "DOX"),
       col = c("#08306B", "#E7298A"), lty = 1, lwd = 3.5, cex = 1)

Version	Author	Date
62952c3	sayanpaul01	2025-04-16
df69a87	sayanpaul01	2025-03-07

📌 CX and DOX dose response curve (Individual)

# 📌 Load Required Libraries
library(drc)
library(dplyr)

Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.3.2

library(ggplot2)

# 📌 Load CX-5461 and DOX data
DRC <- read.csv("data/CX-5461.csv")
DRC2 <- read.csv("data/DOX.csv")

# 📌 Map individual labels
individual_map <- list(`75-1` = "Ind1", `78-1` = "Ind2", `87-1` = "Ind3")

# 📌 Predict concentrations for curve fitting
pred_conc_cx <- exp(seq(log(0.01), log(50), length.out = 200))
pred_conc_dox <- exp(seq(log(0.01), log(10), length.out = 200))

# 📌 Fit and predict CX-5461
fits_cx <- DRC %>%
  group_split(Indv) %>%
  setNames(unique(DRC$Indv)) %>%
  lapply(function(df) {
    tryCatch({
      drm(Ratio ~ Conc, data = df, fct = LL.4(fixed = c(NA, 0, 1, NA)))
    }, error = function(e) NULL)
  })

curve_data_cx <- do.call(rbind, lapply(names(fits_cx), function(name) {
  fit <- fits_cx[[name]]
  if (!is.null(fit)) {
    indiv <- individual_map[[name]]
    preds <- predict(fit, newdata = data.frame(Conc = pred_conc_cx))
    data.frame(Conc = pred_conc_cx, Ratio = preds, Label = paste0(indiv, "_CX"))
  }
}))

# 📌 Fit and predict DOX
fits_dox <- DRC2 %>%
  group_split(Indv) %>%
  setNames(unique(DRC2$Indv)) %>%
  lapply(function(df) {
    tryCatch({
      drm(Ratio ~ Conc, data = df, fct = LL.4(fixed = c(NA, 0, 1, NA)))
    }, error = function(e) NULL)
  })

curve_data_dox <- do.call(rbind, lapply(names(fits_dox), function(name) {
  fit <- fits_dox[[name]]
  if (!is.null(fit)) {
    indiv <- individual_map[[name]]
    preds <- predict(fit, newdata = data.frame(Conc = pred_conc_dox))
    data.frame(Conc = pred_conc_dox, Ratio = preds, Label = paste0(indiv, "_DOX"))
  }
}))

# 📌 Combine all prediction curves
combined_data <- bind_rows(curve_data_cx, curve_data_dox) %>%
  mutate(
    Drug = ifelse(grepl("_CX$", Label), "CX-5461", "DOX"),
    Indv = case_when(
      grepl("^Ind1", Label) ~ "Ind1",
      grepl("^Ind2", Label) ~ "Ind2",
      grepl("^Ind3", Label) ~ "Ind3"
    )
  )

# 📌 Define style settings
line_types <- c("Ind1" = "dotted", "Ind2" = "dashed", "Ind3" = "solid")
drug_colors <- c("CX-5461" = "#08306B", "DOX" = "#E7298A")

# 📌 Function to calculate EC50 per individual
calculate_EC50 <- function(data, compound_name) {
  individual_data <- split(data, data$Ind)
  EC50_values <- data.frame(Individual = character(), EC50 = numeric(), stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
  
  for (individual in names(individual_data)) {
    fit <- drm(Ratio ~ Conc, data = individual_data[[individual]],
               fct = LL.4(fixed = c(NA, 0, 1, NA),
                          names = c("hill", "min", "max", "EC50")))
    EC50 <- summary(fit)$coefficients["EC50:(Intercept)", "Estimate"]
    EC50_values <- rbind(EC50_values, data.frame(Individual = individual, EC50 = EC50))
  }
  
  EC50_values$Compound <- compound_name
  return(EC50_values)
}

# 📌 Calculate EC50s
EC50_CX <- calculate_EC50(DRC, "CX-5461")
EC50_DOX <- calculate_EC50(DRC2, "DOX")
EC50_results <- bind_rows(EC50_CX, EC50_DOX) %>%
  mutate(
    Indv = recode(Individual, "75-1" = "Ind1", "78-1" = "Ind2", "87-1" = "Ind3"),
    EC50 = round(EC50, 3)
  )

# 📌 Prepare annotation text
cx_text <- EC50_results %>%
  filter(Compound == "CX-5461") %>%
  arrange(Indv) %>%
  mutate(line = paste0(Indv, ": ", EC50)) %>%
  pull(line)

dox_text <- EC50_results %>%
  filter(Compound == "DOX") %>%
  arrange(Indv) %>%
  mutate(line = paste0(Indv, ": ", EC50)) %>%
  pull(line)

combined_label <- paste0(
  "LD50 CX-5461:\n", paste(cx_text, collapse = "\n"),
  "\n\nLD50 DOX:\n", paste(dox_text, collapse = "\n")
)

# 📌 Plot with EC50 lines and label
ggplot(combined_data, aes(x = Conc, y = Ratio, color = Drug, linetype = Indv)) +
  geom_line(linewidth = 1.5) +
  geom_vline(
    data = EC50_results,
    aes(xintercept = EC50),
    color = "red", linetype = "dotted", linewidth = 0.8, inherit.aes = FALSE
  ) +
  annotate("label", x = 0.015, y = 0.05, hjust = 0, vjust = 0,
           label = combined_label, size = 4.2, fontface = "bold", 
           color = "black", fill = "#f0f0f0", label.size = 0.4)+
  scale_color_manual(values = drug_colors) +
  scale_linetype_manual(values = line_types) +
  scale_x_log10(
    limits = c(0.01, 50),
    breaks = c(0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 50),
    labels = c("0.01", "0.1", "1", "10", "50")
  ) +
  labs(
    title = "CX-5461 and DOX Cell Viability Curves with LD50",
    x = "Concentration (μM)",
    y = "Proportion of Viable Cells",
    color = "Drug",
    linetype = "Individual"
  ) +
  theme_minimal(base_size = 14) +
  theme(
    plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", hjust = 0.5),
    legend.title = element_text(face = "bold"),
    legend.position = "right",
    panel.grid.minor = element_blank(),
    axis.text = element_text(color = "black"),
    axis.title = element_text(color = "black"),
    plot.background = element_rect(fill = "white", color = NA),
    panel.border = element_rect(fill = NA, color = "black", linewidth = 1)
  )

Warning in geom_vline(data = EC50_results, aes(xintercept = EC50), color =
"red", : Ignoring unknown parameters: `inherit.aes`

Version	Author	Date
79a5141	sayanpaul01	2025-05-23
50b8f17	sayanpaul01	2025-04-16
7c1a541	sayanpaul01	2025-04-16
62952c3	sayanpaul01	2025-04-16

📌 Calculating EC50/LD50 value

library(drc)

# Load data
DRC <- read.csv("data/CX-5461.csv")
DRC2 <- read.csv("data/DOX.csv")

# Function to calculate EC50 for each individual
calculate_EC50 <- function(data, compound_name) {
  # Split data by individuals
  individual_data <- split(data, data$Ind)
  
  # Initialize a vector to store EC50 results
  EC50_values <- data.frame(Individual = character(), EC50 = numeric(), stringsAsFactors = FALSE)
  
  for (individual in names(individual_data)) {
    # Fit dose-response model for the individual
    fit <- drm(Ratio ~ Conc, data = individual_data[[individual]],
               fct = LL.4(fixed = c(NA, 0, 1, NA),
                          names = c("hill", "min", "max", "EC50")))
    
    # Extract EC50 value and store it
    EC50 <- summary(fit)$coefficients["EC50:(Intercept)", "Estimate"]
    EC50_values <- rbind(EC50_values, data.frame(Individual = individual, EC50 = EC50))
  }
  
  # Add compound column to the results
  EC50_values$Compound <- compound_name
  return(EC50_values)
}

# Calculate EC50 for CX-5461 and DOX
EC50_CX <- calculate_EC50(DRC, "CX-5461")
EC50_DOX <- calculate_EC50(DRC2, "DOX")

# Combine results for all compounds
EC50_results <- rbind(EC50_CX, EC50_DOX)

# Print EC50 results
print(EC50_results)

  Individual       EC50 Compound
1          1  6.4098291  CX-5461
2          2 10.9606571  CX-5461
3          3 10.0306167  CX-5461
4          1  0.5299658      DOX
5          2  0.4423945      DOX
6          3  0.7740361      DOX

# Combine EC50 results for CX and DOX
# These must contain 'Individual' and 'EC50' columns

# Sort to ensure matching order
EC50_CX_sorted <- EC50_CX[order(EC50_CX$Individual), ]
EC50_DOX_sorted <- EC50_DOX[order(EC50_DOX$Individual), ]

# Confirm individuals match
stopifnot(identical(EC50_CX_sorted$Individual, EC50_DOX_sorted$Individual))

# Extract EC50 values
cx_values <- EC50_CX_sorted$EC50
dox_values <- EC50_DOX_sorted$EC50

# Perform paired t-test
ec50_paired_ttest <- t.test(cx_values, dox_values, paired = TRUE)

# Print results
cat("Paired t-test results comparing EC50 of CX-5461 and DOX across 3 individuals:\n")

Paired t-test results comparing EC50 of CX-5461 and DOX across 3 individuals:

print(ec50_paired_ttest)


    Paired t-test

data:  cx_values and dox_values
t = 6.1761, df = 2, p-value = 0.02523
alternative hypothesis: true mean difference is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
  2.594056 14.509082
sample estimates:
mean difference 
       8.551569

📌 DRC boxplots

# Load libraries
library(ggplot2)
library(dplyr)

# Read data
cx_data <- read.csv("data/CX-5461.csv")
dox_data <- read.csv("data/DOX.csv")

# Label the drugs
cx_data$Drug <- "CX.5461"
dox_data$Drug <- "DOX"

# Combine datasets
combined_data <- bind_rows(cx_data, dox_data)

# Rename individuals (from 75-1 etc. to 1, 2, 3)
combined_data$Indv <- recode(combined_data$Indv,
                             "75-1" = "1",
                             "78-1" = "2",
                             "87-1" = "3")

# Filter to 0–10 µM concentrations only
combined_data <- combined_data %>% filter(Conc <= 10)

# Convert Conc to ordered factor
combined_data$Conc <- factor(combined_data$Conc, levels = c(0, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10))

# Define drug colors
drug_colors <- c("CX.5461" = "#08306B", "DOX" = "#E7298A")

# Plot
ggplot(combined_data, aes(x = Drug, y = Ratio, fill = Drug)) +
  geom_boxplot(width = 0.5, outlier.shape = NA) +
  geom_point(
    aes(color = Indv),
    position = position_jitter(width = 0, height = 0),
    size = 2.5,
    alpha = 0.8
  ) +
  scale_fill_manual(values = drug_colors) +
  scale_y_continuous(
    limits = c(-0.5, 1.7),  # adjust based on your data
    expand = expansion(mult = c(0, 0.05))
  ) +
  facet_wrap(~ Conc, nrow = 1, labeller = label_both) +
  labs(
    title = "Cell Viability: CX-5461 vs DOX",
    x = "Drug",
    y = "Proportion of Viable Cells",
    fill = "Drug",
    color = "Individual"
  ) +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(
    plot.title = element_text(face = "bold", size = 16, hjust = 0.5),
    axis.title = element_text(size = 14, color = "black"),
    axis.text = element_text(size = 12, color = "black"),
    legend.title = element_text(face = "bold"),
    legend.position = "right",
    strip.text = element_text(face = "bold", size = 12),
    panel.border = element_rect(color = "black", fill = NA, linewidth = 1.2)
  )

📌 DOX 0 vs 0.1 and 0 vs 0.5

# 📦 Load required libraries
library(tidyverse)

Warning: package 'tidyverse' was built under R version 4.3.2

Warning: package 'tidyr' was built under R version 4.3.3

Warning: package 'readr' was built under R version 4.3.3

Warning: package 'purrr' was built under R version 4.3.3

Warning: package 'stringr' was built under R version 4.3.2

Warning: package 'lubridate' was built under R version 4.3.3

# 📌 Filter for DOX at 0 and 0.5 µM
dox_paired <- combined_data %>%
  filter(Drug == "DOX", Conc %in% c(0, 0.5)) %>%
  mutate(Conc = as.numeric(as.character(Conc))) %>%
  arrange(Indv, Conc)

# 📌 View sample count per individual per condition (should be one per individual per condition)
print(table(dox_paired$Indv, dox_paired$Conc))

# 📌 Pivot to wide format for paired comparison
dox_wide <- dox_paired %>%
  dplyr::select(Indv, Conc, Ratio) %>%
  tidyr::pivot_wider(names_from = Conc, values_from = Ratio, names_prefix = "Conc_")

# 📌 Run two-tailed paired t-test
paired_test <- t.test(dox_wide$Conc_0, dox_wide$Conc_0.5, paired = TRUE)

# 📌 Report per-group statistics
summary_stats <- dox_wide %>%
  summarise(
    mean_0 = mean(Conc_0, na.rm = TRUE),
    mean_0.5 = mean(Conc_0.5, na.rm = TRUE),
    median_0 = median(Conc_0, na.rm = TRUE),
    median_0.5 = median(Conc_0.5, na.rm = TRUE)
  )

# 📌 Print outputs
print(summary_stats)

# A tibble: 1 × 4
  mean_0 mean_0.5 median_0 median_0.5
   <dbl>    <dbl>    <dbl>      <dbl>
1   1.09    0.534    0.994      0.611

print(paired_test)


    Paired t-test

data:  dox_wide$Conc_0 and dox_wide$Conc_0.5
t = 2.2808, df = 2, p-value = 0.1501
alternative hypothesis: true mean difference is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
 -0.4952698  1.6127038
sample estimates:
mean difference 
       0.558717

# 📦 Load required libraries
library(tidyverse)

# 📌 Filter for DOX at 0 and 0.1 µM
dox_paired_01 <- combined_data %>%
  filter(Drug == "DOX", Conc %in% c(0, 0.1)) %>%
  mutate(Conc = as.numeric(as.character(Conc))) %>%
  arrange(Indv, Conc)

# 📌 Confirm correct pairing
print(table(dox_paired_01$Indv, dox_paired_01$Conc))

# 📌 Pivot to wide format for paired comparison
dox_wide_01 <- dox_paired_01 %>%
  dplyr::select(Indv, Conc, Ratio) %>%
  pivot_wider(names_from = Conc, values_from = Ratio, names_prefix = "Conc_")

# 📌 Run two-tailed paired t-test
paired_ttest_01 <- t.test(dox_wide_01$Conc_0, dox_wide_01$Conc_0.1, paired = TRUE)

# 📌 Summarize per-group stats
summary_stats_01 <- dox_wide_01 %>%
  summarise(
    mean_0    = mean(Conc_0, na.rm = TRUE),
    mean_0.1  = mean(Conc_0.1, na.rm = TRUE),
    median_0  = median(Conc_0, na.rm = TRUE),
    median_0.1= median(Conc_0.1, na.rm = TRUE)
  )

# 📌 Print results
print(summary_stats_01)

# A tibble: 1 × 4
  mean_0 mean_0.1 median_0 median_0.1
   <dbl>    <dbl>    <dbl>      <dbl>
1   1.09    0.960    0.994       1.01

print(paired_ttest_01)


    Paired t-test

data:  dox_wide_01$Conc_0 and dox_wide_01$Conc_0.1
t = 1.1093, df = 2, p-value = 0.3828
alternative hypothesis: true mean difference is not equal to 0
95 percent confidence interval:
 -0.3818287  0.6470974
sample estimates:
mean difference 
      0.1326343

📌 CX and DOX dose response curve (Confidence)

library(drc)

# Load Data
DRC <- read.csv("data/CX-5461.csv")
DRC2 <- read.csv("data/DOX.csv")

# Fit dose-response models with fixed min = 0 and max = 1
curved_fit <- drm(Ratio ~ Conc, data = DRC,
                  fct = LL.4(fixed = c(NA, 0, 1, NA)))

curved_fit2 <- drm(Ratio ~ Conc, data = DRC2,
                   fct = LL.4(fixed = c(NA, 0, 1, NA)))

# Extract EC50 values
EC50_CX <- coef(curved_fit)[4]
EC50_DOX <- coef(curved_fit2)[4]

# Generate prediction ranges
xvals_cx <- exp(seq(log(0.01), log(50), length.out = 200))
xvals_dox <- exp(seq(log(0.01), log(10), length.out = 200))

# Predict with confidence intervals
preds_cx <- predict(curved_fit, newdata = data.frame(Conc = xvals_cx), interval = "confidence")

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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.

preds_dox <- predict(curved_fit2, newdata = data.frame(Conc = xvals_dox), interval = "confidence")

Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
  Use c() or as.vector() instead.
Warning in (tquan * sqrt(varVal + sumObjRV)) * c(-1, 1): Recycling array of length 1 in array-vector arithmetic is deprecated.
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# Set up log-scale plot
par(mfrow = c(1,1), mar = c(5, 5, 3, 2))
plot(NA, NA, log = "x",
     xlim = c(0.01, 50), ylim = c(0, 1.1),
     xlab = "Concentration (uM)", ylab = "Proportion of Viable Cells",
     main = "Dose-Response Curves with Confidence",
     axes = FALSE)

# Axes
axis(1, at = c(0.01, 0.1, 0.5, 1, 5, 10, 50), labels = c("0.01", "0.1", "0.5", "1", "5", "10", "50"))
axis(2, at = seq(0, 1, 0.2))
box()

# Confidence bands
polygon(c(xvals_cx, rev(xvals_cx)),
        c(preds_cx[,"Lower"], rev(preds_cx[,"Upper"])),
        col = adjustcolor("#08306B", alpha.f = 0.2), border = NA)

polygon(c(xvals_dox, rev(xvals_dox)),
        c(preds_dox[,"Lower"], rev(preds_dox[,"Upper"])),
        col = adjustcolor("#E7298A", alpha.f = 0.2), border = NA)

# Curves
lines(xvals_cx, preds_cx[,"Prediction"], col = "#08306B", lwd = 3.5)
lines(xvals_dox, preds_dox[,"Prediction"], col = "#E7298A", lwd = 3.5)

# LD50 vertical lines
abline(v = EC50_CX, col = "#08306B", lty = 2, lwd = 2)
abline(v = EC50_DOX, col = "#E7298A", lty = 2, lwd = 2)

# LD50 labels
text(EC50_CX, 1.02, paste("LD50 CX:", round(EC50_CX, 2)),
     col = "#08306B", cex = 0.9, font = 2, pos = 4)
text(EC50_DOX, 0.92, paste("LD50 DOX:", round(EC50_DOX, 2)),
     col = "#E7298A", cex = 0.9, font = 2, pos = 4)

# Legend
legend("bottomleft", legend = c("CX-5461", "DOX"),
       col = c("#08306B", "#E7298A"), lty = 1, lwd = 3.5, bty = "n")

Version	Author	Date
7243dd2	sayanpaul01	2025-04-16

sessionInfo()

R version 4.3.0 (2023-04-21 ucrt)
Platform: x86_64-w64-mingw32/x64 (64-bit)
Running under: Windows 11 x64 (build 26100)

Matrix products: default


locale:
[1] LC_COLLATE=English_United States.utf8 
[2] LC_CTYPE=English_United States.utf8   
[3] LC_MONETARY=English_United States.utf8
[4] LC_NUMERIC=C                          
[5] LC_TIME=English_United States.utf8    

time zone: America/Chicago
tzcode source: internal

attached base packages:
[1] stats     graphics  grDevices utils     datasets  methods   base     

other attached packages:
 [1] lubridate_1.9.4 forcats_1.0.0   stringr_1.5.1   purrr_1.0.4    
 [5] readr_2.1.5     tidyr_1.3.1     tibble_3.2.1    tidyverse_2.0.0
 [9] ggplot2_3.5.2   dplyr_1.1.4     drc_3.0-1       MASS_7.3-60    

loaded via a namespace (and not attached):
 [1] gtable_0.3.6      xfun_0.52         bslib_0.9.0       lattice_0.22-7   
 [5] tzdb_0.5.0        vctrs_0.6.5       tools_4.3.0       generics_0.1.3   
 [9] sandwich_3.1-1    pkgconfig_2.0.3   Matrix_1.6-1.1    lifecycle_1.0.4  
[13] compiler_4.3.0    farver_2.1.2      git2r_0.36.2      munsell_0.5.1    
[17] codetools_0.2-20  carData_3.0-5     httpuv_1.6.15     htmltools_0.5.8.1
[21] sass_0.4.10       yaml_2.3.10       Formula_1.2-5     later_1.3.2      
[25] pillar_1.10.2     car_3.1-3         jquerylib_0.1.4   whisker_0.4.1    
[29] cachem_1.1.0      abind_1.4-8       multcomp_1.4-28   gtools_3.9.5     
[33] tidyselect_1.2.1  digest_0.6.34     mvtnorm_1.3-3     stringi_1.8.3    
[37] labeling_0.4.3    splines_4.3.0     rprojroot_2.0.4   fastmap_1.2.0    
[41] grid_4.3.0        colorspace_2.1-0  cli_3.6.1         magrittr_2.0.3   
[45] survival_3.8-3    TH.data_1.1-3     withr_3.0.2       scales_1.3.0     
[49] promises_1.3.2    plotrix_3.8-4     timechange_0.3.0  rmarkdown_2.29   
[53] workflowr_1.7.1   zoo_1.8-14        hms_1.1.3         evaluate_1.0.3   
[57] knitr_1.50        rlang_1.1.3       Rcpp_1.0.12       glue_1.7.0       
[61] rstudioapi_0.17.1 jsonlite_2.0.0    R6_2.6.1          fs_1.6.3